However, these variants are not too different from each other. Batak script early in Mandailaing. From Mandailaing Batak alphabet spread to the East Toba region (border with Simelungun), then to Simelungun and East Toba. From the East Toba Batak script spread again to Pakpak Dairi. While the Western Toba to Simelungun. Karo script shows the influence, both of Pakpak-Dairi and from Simelungun.
This script must be known by the datu, the person who is respected by the people of Batak because mastering magic, fortune-teller, and calendar.
Type Batak script is part of a clump of Brahmi writing (India). Most of the writing system in Africa, Europe, and Asia come from one source, namely Ancient Semitic script that became the ancestors of Asian writings (Arabic, Hebrew and India) and Europe (Latin, Greek and other).
Batak script includes writing Indian family. The oldest Indian script is Brahmi inscription which lowers the two groups of North India and South India. Nagari script and Pallava each originating from northern and southern groups and both had been used at various places in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. All original writings Indonesia berinduk the Pallava script as the most influential is the Pallava script.
Batak alphabet is a type of script called Abugida, ie a combination of silabogram and alphabet. Batak alphabet is a combination of alphabetic and syllabic script. Each character has to contain basic consonants and vowels. This is the basic vowel sounds [a]. But with diacritical marks or what is called anak ni letter in Batak language, then this vowel can be changed.
Vowels and consonants in Batak script sorted according to their own traditions, namely: a, ha, ka, ba, pa, na, wa, ga, ja, da, ra, ma, ta, sa, yes, nga, la, its , ca, nda, mba, i, u. Batak script is usually written on bamboo / wood. Writing begins from top to bottom, and the line continued from left to right.
Ancient Batak alphabet used to write the Batak manuscripts that included books from the bark of the folded like an accordion. In the book called the Batak language pustaha or library. Pustaha-pustaha is written by a "teacher" or datu (shaman) contains calendar and augury.
Writing letters Batak letter broadly divided into two categories, namely ina ni ni child letters and letters. Ina ni letters are letters forming the basis of Batak alphabet letters. During this time, ina ni known letter consists of: a, ha, ka, ba, pa, na, wa, ga, ja, da, ra, ma, ta, sa, yes, nga, la, yes, his, ca , nda, mba, i, u. Nda and MBA is consonant cluster which is only found in the Karo Batak variations.
His whereas only used in Mandailaing but included also in alfabat Toba though not used. Literacy Ca only in Karo while in Angkola-Mandailaing letters written using letters Ca Sa with a diacritical mark called tompi on it.
The child ni in Batak alphabet letter is inserted in the phonetic component ina ni letters (diacritical marks) which serves to alter the pronunciation / spelling of ina ni letter. The diacritical marks may be a sign of vocalizations, nasalization, or fricative. Anak ni letter consists of:
• Sound [e] (hatadingan)
• The sound [ŋ] (paminggil)
• The sound [u] (haborotan)
• The sound [i] (hauluan)
• The sound [o] (sihora)
• Pangolat (sign to remove the sound [a] on ina ni letter)
The names of diacritical marks above only applies to the Toba Batak language. In languages other Batak there are a number of variations of the name ina ni letter. For example Pangolet in Karo language is called (penengen).
As well as letters ina ni, ni children in Batak alphabet letters are also arranged according to their own traditions, namely: [e], [i], [o], [u], [ŋ], [x]. Diacritical marks also have a variant form of one area to another that uses the same script.
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